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Notitia de servitio monasteriorum : ウィキペディア英語版
Notitia de servitio monasteriorum

The ''Notitia de servitio monasteriorum'' ("Notice of the Service of Monasteries")〔Also called the ''Constitutio (Pii ) de servitio monasteriorum'' ("(the Pious's ) Constitution of the Service of Monasteries").〕 is a list of monasteries in the Frankish Empire and the services they owned the crown. It was compiled under Emperor Louis the Pious in 819, probably as a summation of the royal reform of the monasteries carried out following the councils of 816 and 817.〔Bernhardt (1993), 77 and n. 150.〕〔Reuter (1991), 44.〕 It is not a complete list of the reformed monasteries: only 82 of the 104 monasteries known to have adopted the reforms are listed in the ''Notitia''.〔Zola (2008), 128–29.〕
There three basic services monasteries could owe to the sovereign. ''Militia'' was military service. ''Dona'' was an annual gift, tax or service "donated" to the king. ''Orationes'' was the obligation to pray for the royal family and the state of the realm. Collectively, these were known by the technical term ''servitium regis'' ("king's service"), hence the ''servitio'' of the ''Notitia'''s title.〔Bernhardt (1993), 77.〕 The service of prayer, although specified in the ''Notitia'', appears to have been considered a general obligation of all ecclesiastical institutions in the empire.〔Bernhardt (1993), 75–76 and n. 143.〕 The burden of these services seem to have been more severe in west Francia than in east Francia. Only four monasteries east of the Rhine owed all three services: Lorsch, Schuttern, Mondsee and Tegernsee.〔Bernhardt (1993), 112 and n. 116.〕
The monastic reforms undertaken in the years preceding the ''Notitia'''s compilation were led by the monk Benedict of Aniane. One of his chief concerns was to secure an income for the exclusive use of the monks. This was because at the time monasteries frequently granted revenue-generating lands as benefices to laymen in return for the laymen's service, a process known as enfeoffment.〔Bernhardt (1993), 92–93.〕 Since monasteries could be governed by a secular abbot, that is, by an abbot who was not under the rule (''regula'') of the monastery, property and thus revenue could be alienated without regard for the needs of the monks. To prevent this, Benedict frequently designated some land as belonging exclusively to the prebend (endowment) of the monks. According to the ''Vita sancti Benedicti Anianensis'', a biography of Benedict written by his disciple Ardo, the emperor Louis determined which monasteries in the realm were required to have a regular abbot, in order to prevent the abuse of monks by laymen. Although this list was probably a companion of the ''Notitia'', it has not come down to us.〔
==Manuscripts==
In 1629, Jacques Sirmond published the ''Notitia'' based on a codex he found in the abbey of Saint-Gilles, but he did not edit it.〔Lesne (1920), 451–52.〕 This had to await André Duchesne in 1636, who was apparently unaware of Sirmond's earlier publication. This manuscript is now lost and since both Sirmond and Duchesne only published the ''Notitia'' it is impossible to ascertain whether the codex also contained the chronicle found in a different manuscript from the same abbey. The age of this manuscript is also unknown.〔
In 1750, Léon Ménard published a text of the ''Notitia'' based on a 13th-century manuscript from Saint-Gilles. The manuscript contains a chronicle written by the same hand as the ''Notitia'', and which covers the years 813–18.〔Lesne (1920), 449–50.〕 The brief, perhaps fragmentary, chronicle appears to depend entirely upon the ''Chronicon Moissiacense'' for its information, and the author only cared to include information on the major ecclesiastical assemblies of the period. A related work is the ''Chronicon Anianense''. Both are associated with the monastery of Santa Maria de Ripoll: the ''Anianense'' was found there, but is named for Benedict's monastery at Aniane, with which the chronicler showed an acute interest; and the ''Moissiacense'' was probably written there, although it was discovered at Saint-Pierre de Moissac. According to Wilhelm Pückert, the chronicle was probably composed by the scribe who wrote the manuscript and also copied in the ''Notitia''.〔

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